Leonardo DaVinci tended to compensate for his lack of an education in the classical sense with an excess of empirical studies. The most famous of these is the Vitruvian Man so called because it is based on a description of the ideal human proportions by Roman architect Vitruvius (around 85-20 BC) The study of ideal proportions illustrates the mingling of art and science during the Renaissance perfectly. Da Vinci viewed the human body as a reflection of the universe. He therefore referred to his anatomical studies as cosmografia del minor mondo. A popular though unproven theory is that Da Vinci saw the circle as the domain of human emotion whereas the square symbolized matter.