Update: Our new-and-improved version now has DOUBLE the amount of cranberry PACs (instead of the vitamin C included in the previous version), in the same small, easy-to-take capsule size! Thanks for your patience while we reformulated! D-Mannose Binds with UTI-Causing Bacteria: A naturally occurring carbohydrate found in small quantities in fruits and vegetables. It has been found to bind to UTI-causing bacteria in the urine so they can't attach to urinary tract epithelial cells (PMID 35313893). Cranberry Extract with 25% Proanthocyanidins (PAC): The antioxidant PAC has been shown to potentially interfere with E. coli's and H. pylori's ability to stick to the bladder and gut walls, so they're flushed right out (PMID 39668896). Promote Bladder Wall Strength with Vitamin D3: Many people are low in D3, which may contribute to recurring UTIs (PMID:37195440). The Right Probiotics for the Right Job: Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus reuteri promote good vaginal health. These two specific probiotics may be the most helpful when it comes to UTIs, vaginosis, and yeast overgrowth. (PMID:18854803). The statements above have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Please consult with a physician or healthcare professional before starting any supplement, especially if pregnant or lactating, taking medication, or if you have a medical diagnosis. Discontinue use if any negative reaction occurs.