These are a modern modification of the traditional bracelets which were worn by both men and women for protective purposes, as well as personal adornment. We had the Malian artisans who make the bracelets make them a little larger for us to wear as chokers. The leather bracelets, made from goatskin, would have contained items of medicinal or spiritual value which defend the wearer from whatever he or she may consider to be threatening to them. Cowrie shells, prior to European occupation, were currency and so still reflect their former significance. The clasp for each is the traditional ball and loop style. These chokers feature the smallest, most uniform, selected quality real vintage cowrie shells. The sizes do vary but most are approximately 5" (13 cm) in internal diameter x 7/16" of leather width (11 mm). The cowrie shells' width increases that width to 1/2" (13 mm). The circumference - length - is approximately 15 1/2" (39 cm).