The “Join, or Die” snake remains one of the most powerful and lasting symbols of unity and resistance in American history. While often associated with the American Revolution, the best known version actually dates to the French and Indian War. Benjamin Franklin popularized a visual representation of this in his Pennsylvania Gazette, depicting a snake severed into segments labeled with the initials of colonies and the potent words “Join or Die.” The use of a snake was not accidental. Many snakes were native to North America, and their presence was regularly commented upon by travelers. The rattlesnake in particular was an apt metaphor, suggesting the awesome power the colonists could wield if provoked–and united.