Although the physical task of building the railroad had been achieved by men, women made significant and lasting contributions to the historic operation. Starting in 1838, women were hired as registered nurses/stewardesses in passenger cars. Women also played a larger part in the actual creation of the rail lines than they have been given credit for. Miss E. F. Sawyer became the first female telegraph operator when she was hired by the Burlington Railroad in Montgomery, Illinois, in 1872. Eliza Murfey focused on the mechanics of the railroad, creating devices for improving the way bearings on a rail wheel attached to train cars responded to the axles. Murfey held sixteen patents for her 1870 invention. In 1879, another woman inventor named Mary Elizabeth Walton developed a system that deflected emissions from the smoke stacks on railroad locomotives. She was awarded two patents for her pollution reducing device. i**Will Rogers Medallion Award Silver Winner for Western Non-Fiction**